เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การสำรวจเชิงสัมพันธ์แบบลำดับชั้น	การวิจัยสำรวจแบบระยะยาว
สาขาวิชา	การออกแบบการวิจัย	การออกแบบการวิจัย
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1980s–2002 (modern HLM-based survey tradition)	Mid-20th century (formalized ~1950s–1970s)
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Raudenbush & Bryk (multilevel framework); Hox (multilevel survey analysis)	Survey methodology tradition; codified in social sciences by scholars including W.S. Robinson (1950) and later Scott Menard
ประเภท	Quantitative survey design with multilevel relational analysis	Quantitative observational research design
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761919049	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922452
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	nested relational survey, multilevel relational survey, HLM-based relational survey, hierarchical correlational survey	longitudinal survey study, repeated-measures survey, prospective survey design, panel survey
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	5
สรุป	A hierarchical relational survey combines the correlational goals of relational survey research with a multilevel data structure in which respondents are nested within higher-level units such as classrooms, schools, hospitals, or organizations. The design acknowledges that observations within the same group are not independent, and uses hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) or equivalent multilevel techniques to examine relationships among variables both within and between levels simultaneously.	Longitudinal survey research collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals (or units) at two or more points in time. Unlike a one-shot cross-sectional survey, this design captures change, stability, and temporal ordering of variables — enabling researchers to track trajectories, test causal sequences, and distinguish cohort effects from aging effects within a quantitative framework.