เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	แบบจำลองการคัดเลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่างของ Heckman (Heckit / Tobit Type II)	การถดถอยกำลังสองน้อยที่สุดสามัญ (OLS)	แบบจำลอง Fixed Effects สำหรับข้อมูล Panel Data
สาขาวิชา	เศรษฐมิติ	เศรษฐมิติ	เศรษฐมิติ
ตระกูล	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
ปีกำเนิด	1979	2019	2014
ผู้ริเริ่ม	James J. Heckman	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data
ประเภท	Two-step sample selection model	Linear regression	Panel data regression
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Heckman, J. J. (1979). Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error. Econometrica, 47(1), 153–161.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	heckit, tobit type II, sample selection model, Heckman Seçim Modeli (Heckit / Tobit II)	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	fixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	5	5
สรุป	The Heckman selection model, introduced by James J. Heckman in 1979, is a two-step model that corrects sample selection bias when the outcome is only observed for a non-random subset of cases. A probit selection equation models who is observed, and the outcome equation then corrects for the resulting bias using the inverse Mills ratio.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014).