เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	ตัวแปรเครื่องมือแบบเบย์ (Bayesian Instrumental Variables - Bayesian IV)	Difference-in-Differences (DiD)
สาขาวิชา	การอนุมานเชิงสาเหตุ	เศรษฐมิติ
ตระกูล	Regression model	Regression model
ปีกำเนิด	2003	1994
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Kleibergen & Zivot (2003); Lancaster (2004)	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
ประเภท	Causal inference / Bayesian estimation	Causal inference / panel regression
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Kleibergen, F., & Zivot, E. (2003). Bayesian and classical approaches to instrumental variable regression. Journal of Econometrics, 114(1), 29-72.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Bayesian IV, Bayesian 2SLS, Bayesian LIML, BayesIV	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	6	5
สรุป	Bayesian Instrumental Variables combines the instrumental variable strategy for addressing endogeneity with Bayesian posterior inference. Instead of relying on asymptotic sampling distributions, it places prior distributions over all structural parameters and recovers a full posterior distribution for the causal effect, providing probability statements about the parameter rather than p-values — especially valuable when instruments are weak or the sample is small.	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.