เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	หลักจริยธรรมการวิจัยในสัตว์	คณะกรรมการพิจารณาจริยธรรมการวิจัยในคน	หลักการความซื่อสัตย์ในการวิจัย
สาขาวิชา	จริยธรรมการวิจัย	จริยธรรมการวิจัย	จริยธรรมการวิจัย
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1959	1974	2007
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Russell & Burch (1959); EU Directive 2010/63/EU; NIH, USDA, international adoption	U.S. Federal Requirement (National Research Act 1974); International adoption by WMA and research institutions globally	Multiple (National Academies, NIH/ORI, ESOMAR, individual discipline standards)
ประเภท	Framework	Standard	Framework
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Russell, W.M.S. & Burch, R.L. (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Methuen.	U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45, Part 46: Protection of Human Subjects. Office of the Federal Register.	National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Fostering Integrity in Research. The National Academies Press.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	3Rs Framework, Animal Welfare Principles, Animal Research Ethics	IRB, Research Ethics Committee, REC	Responsible Conduct of Research, RCR, Research Ethics Standards
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	4	4
สรุป	The 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) is the ethical framework governing humane animal research, established by Russell and Burch (1959) and now adopted globally by research institutions, funding agencies, and regulatory bodies. The 3Rs require researchers to: replace animal research with non-animal methods where possible, reduce the number of animals used through rigorous design, and refine experimental procedures to minimize animal suffering. Implementation of the 3Rs is now mandatory in most jurisdictions through Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs), EU Directive 2010/63/EU, and NIH policy.	The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is the independent ethics committee established at research institutions to review and approve human subjects research, ensuring compliance with ethical principles and federal regulations. Created as a legal requirement by the U.S. National Research Act (1974) and now adopted globally, the IRB serves as the primary mechanism for protecting research subjects while enabling legitimate research to proceed. No human subjects research can begin without IRB approval.	Research integrity encompasses the ethical and professional standards that guide responsible conduct in all aspects of research—from study design and data collection through analysis, reporting, and publication. The core principles—honesty, transparency, accountability, respect, and stewardship—ensure that research is trustworthy, reproducible, and contributes legitimate knowledge. These principles are universal across disciplines and are enforced through institutional policies, professional standards, and regulatory oversight. Violations of research integrity undermine scientific credibility and can harm subjects, institutions, and public trust.