เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวน (ANOVA)	Multilevel Modeling
สาขาวิชา	สถิติการวิจัย	สถิติการวิจัย
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1925	1992
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Ronald A. Fisher	Anthony Bryk and Stephen Raudenbush
ประเภท	Method	Method
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd.	Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. SAGE Publications.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	ANOVA, F-test	HLM, mixed-effects models, random effects models, MLM
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	3
สรุป	ANOVA is a parametric statistical method developed by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925 that tests whether means differ significantly across three or more independent groups. By partitioning total variance into between-group and within-group components, ANOVA determines whether observed differences are likely due to treatment effects or random variation, making it fundamental to comparative research across medicine, psychology, agriculture, and engineering.	Multilevel modeling (also called hierarchical linear modeling, mixed-effects modeling) is a statistical framework for analyzing data organized in nested or clustered structures—students within schools, patients within hospitals, repeated measures within individuals. Developed by Bryk and Raudenbush (1992), it accounts for dependency among observations and partitions variance into levels (within-cluster and between-cluster), enabling valid inference and revealing context effects. Essential in education, medicine, organizational research, and any field where data have natural hierarchies.