Economic Voting Analysis
Economic voting analysis is the formal study of how voters reward or punish incumbents according to economic performance. In the reward-punishment (retrospective) model pioneered by Gerald Kramer in 1971, support for the governing party is a function of recent economic outcomes — growth, unemployment, and inflation — so that good times re-elect incumbents and bad times turn them out. Michael Lewis-Beck and Mary Stegmaier's 2000 review consolidated the field, establishing that economic voting is predominantly sociotropic (based on the national economy rather than personal finances) and that its strength depends on the clarity of responsibility: how easily voters can attribute outcomes to the incumbent.
Soma mbinu kamili
Ingia kwa akaunti ya bure ili kusoma sehemu hii.
Ramani ya mbinu
Jirani ya mbinu zinazohusiana — chagua nodi ili kuchunguza.
Vyanzo
- Kramer, G. H. (1971). Short-Term Fluctuations in U.S. Voting Behavior, 1896-1964. American Political Science Review, 65(1), 131-143. DOI: 10.2307/1955049 ↗
- Lewis-Beck, M. S., & Stegmaier, M. (2000). Economic Determinants of Electoral Outcomes. Annual Review of Political Science, 3, 183-219. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.183 ↗
Jinsi ya kunukuu ukurasa huu
ScholarGate. (2026, June 22). Economic Voting Model (Retrospective and Reward-Punishment). ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/sw/political-economy/economic-voting-analysis
Mbinu ipi?
Weka mbinu hii kando ya jamaa zake wa karibu na uzisome bega kwa bega — maktaba huweka vitabu mezani; uamuzi ni wako.
- Median Voter ModelPolitical Economy↔ linganisha
- Political Budget Cycle AnalysisPolitical Economy↔ linganisha
- Probabilistic Voting ModelPolitical Economy↔ linganisha
- Spatial Voting ModelPolitical Science↔ linganisha
Imerejelewa na
Mbinu zinazofanana
Umeona tatizo kwenye ukurasa huu? Ripoti au pendekeza marekebisho →