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P-Value and Statistical Significance/Ushahidi
Rekodi ya ushahidi wa mbinu

P-Value and Statistical Significance

The p-value is the probability of observing data as extreme as or more extreme than what was actually observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in 1925, it is the foundation of frequentist hypothesis testing. Statistical significance is declared when the p-value falls below a pre-specified threshold (alpha level, typically 0.05).

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Rekodi ya chanzo

Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.

P-Value and the Concept of Statistical Significance in Hypothesis Testing
Rekodi ya mbinu ya kiajenda · process-pipeline / research-statistics
  • Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd. · URL
  • Neyman, J., & Pearson, E. S. (1933). On the problem of the most efficient tests of statistical hypotheses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 231, 289–337. · DOI 10.1098/rsta.1933.0009
  • Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2016). The ASA Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose. The American Statistician, 70(2), 129–133. · DOI 10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108
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Same method familyEffect Sizemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyMultiple Comparisons Problemmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketNull Hypothesis Testingmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyStatistical Power and Sample Sizemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyType I and Type II Errorsmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Hali ya ushahidi

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

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