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Null Hypothesis Testing/Ushahidi
Rekodi ya ushahidi wa mbinu

Null Hypothesis Testing

Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) is the dominant statistical framework in empirical research. The null hypothesis (H₀) represents the default assumption—typically 'no effect' or 'no difference'—while the alternative hypothesis (H₁) represents the claim being tested. The test calculates the probability of observing the data given H₀ is true (p-value); if p is very small, H₀ is rejected in favor of H₁. Formulated by Ronald Fisher and extended by Neyman and Pearson in the early 20th century, NHST is foundational to confirmatory research but has been widely critiqued for misuse and misinterpretation.

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Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) and Hypothesis Formulation
Rekodi ya mbinu ya kiajenda · process-pipeline / research-statistics
  • Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd. · URL
  • Neyman, J., & Pearson, E. S. (1933). On the problem of the most efficient tests of statistical hypotheses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 231, 289–337. · DOI 10.1098/rsta.1933.0009
  • Gigerenzer, G., & Marewski, J. N. (2015). Surrogate Science: The Idol of a Universal Method for Scientific Inference. Journal of Management, 41(2), 421–440. · DOI 10.1177/0149206314547522
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Same method familyConfidence Intervalmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketP-Value and Statistical Significancemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyStatistical Power and Sample Sizemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyType I and Type II Errorsmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Hali ya ushahidi

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

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