Confidence Interval
A confidence interval (CI) is a range of values, calculated from sample data, that likely contains the true population parameter. Introduced by Jerzy Neyman in 1937, it provides an interval estimate rather than a single point estimate, incorporating both the observed value and the uncertainty around it. The standard 95% confidence interval is a robust, intuitive alternative to p-values for communicating research results.
Rekodi ya chanzo
Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.
- Neyman, J. (1937). Outline of a Theory of Statistical Estimation Based on the Classical Theory of Probability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 236, 333–380. · DOI 10.1098/rsta.1937.0005
- Altman, D. G., Machin, D., Bryant, T. N., & Gardner, M. J. (1989). Statistics with Confidence. British Medical Journal. · ISBN 0-7279-0222-X
- Cumming, G. (2014). The New Statistics: Why and How. Psychological Science, 25(1), 7–29. · DOI 10.1177/0956797613504966
Madai yaliyotunzwa
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Mbinu zinazohusiana
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