Balanced Scorecard Performance Measure
The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a strategic management system that translates organizational strategy into a coherent set of performance measures across four perspectives: Financial, Customer, Internal Process, and Learning and Growth. Developed by Kaplan and Norton (1992) in Harvard Business Review, the BSC addresses a fundamental management gap: most organizations measure what is easy to measure (financial results) while neglecting what drives results (customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, employee capability). By balancing financial outcomes with non-financial drivers, the BSC enables organizations to understand and manage strategy execution, identify causal relationships between performance drivers, and align organizational actions with strategic objectives.
Rekodi ya chanzo
Nukuu zimehamishwa kwa uhalisi kutoka kwa rekodi ya chanzo cha mbinu. Hakuna uthibitisho wa kiwango cha dai unaodokezwa kutoka kwao.
- Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1992). The balanced scorecard: Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 70(1), 71–79. · URL
- Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1996). The balanced scorecard: Translating strategy into action. Harvard Business School Press. · URL
- Niven, P. R. (2002). Balanced scorecard step-by-step: Maximizing performance and maintaining results. John Wiley & Sons. · URL
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Mbinu zinazohusiana
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