Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Kutengwa Kazini	Kiwango cha Hali ya Usalama ya Kisaikolojia na Kijamii
Nyanja	Afya ya Kazini	Afya ya Kazini
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2008	2010
Mwanzilishi	Ferris, Brown, Berry, & Lian	Dollard & Karasek; Bailey et al.
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The development and validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. J Appl Psychol, 93(6), 1348–1366.	Bailey, T. S., Dollard, M. F., McLinton, S. S., & Richards, P. A. (2015). Psychosocial safety climate: Latent profiles in Australian workplaces and psychosocial hazard exposure. Int J Stress Manag, 22(4), 413–442.
Majina mbadala	WOS	PSC-12, PSCC
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Workplace Ostracism Scale measures the extent to which an employee feels excluded, ignored, or dismissed by colleagues and supervisors—a form of social exclusion distinct from harassment but equally harmful to mental health and performance. Developed by Ferris, Brown, Berry, and Lian, the WOS captures subtle exclusionary behaviors: being left out of conversations, having contributions ignored, or being given the silent treatment. Workplace ostracism predicts depression, anxiety, reduced engagement, and turnover, making it critical for identifying and addressing subtle organizational toxicity.	The Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale (PSC-12) measures employees' perceptions of organizational commitment to protecting worker psychological health and preventing psychosocial hazards (stress, harassment, bullying). Developed by Dollard and Karasek, and refined by Bailey and colleagues, the PSC-12 captures four dimensions of management support, communication, and hazard prevention. The scale is predictive of workplace stress, burnout, mental health disorders, and absenteeism, making it a leading indicator for organizational health and a lever for preventive intervention.