Linganisha mbinu

	Kanuni ya Uboreshaji wa Nyangumi (WOA)	Uboreshaji wa Kundi la Chembe (PSO)
Nyanja	Uboreshaji	Uboreshaji
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2016	1995
Mwanzilishi	Seyedali Mirjalili & Andrew Lewis	—
Aina	Swarm-based metaheuristic	Population-based metaheuristic / swarm intelligence
Chanzo asilia	Mirjalili, S. & Lewis, A. (2016). The Whale Optimization Algorithm. Advances in Engineering Software, 95, 51-67.	Kennedy, J. & Eberhart, R. (1995). Particle Swarm Optimization. IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN), 1942-1948.
Majina mbadala	WOA, Balina Optimizasyon Algoritması (WOA), bubble-net attacking method	PSO, swarm intelligence optimization, Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO)
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	The Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is a swarm-based metaheuristic introduced by Mirjalili and Lewis in 2016. It models the bubble-net hunting strategy of humpback whales, in which a group of whales spirals around prey while gradually tightening the encirclement. The algorithm balances global exploration and local exploitation through a small set of parameters and has become widely used in continuous engineering optimisation problems.	Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a population-based metaheuristic algorithm introduced by Kennedy and Eberhart in 1995, inspired by the collective movement of bird flocks and fish schools. Each candidate solution — called a particle — moves through the search space by updating its velocity and position based on its own best experience and the best experience of the entire swarm, enabling fast convergence across continuous optimization problems.