Linganisha mbinu

	Njia ya Gharama ya Safari	Njia ya Tathmini ya Hali (Contingent Valuation Method)	Mfumo wa Bei za Hedonic
Nyanja	Uchumi	Uchumi	Uchumi
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1949	1963	1974
Mwanzilishi	Harold Hotelling	Robert Davis	Sherwin Rosen
Aina	Revealed preference recreation demand model	Stated preference valuation method	Revealed preference valuation method
Chanzo asilia	Hotelling, H. (1949). An Economic Study of the Monetary Valuation of Recreation in the National Parks. U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service.	Mitchell, R. C., & Carson, R. T. (1989). Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Resources for the Future.	Rosen, S. (1974). Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition. Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 34–55.
Majina mbadala	TCM, Recreation Demand Model, Zonal Travel Cost	CVM, Willingness-to-Pay Survey, WTP Elicitation	Hedonic Regression, Characteristics Pricing Model
Zinazohusiana	2	3	3
Muhtasari	The Travel Cost Method (TCM), developed by Harold Hotelling in 1949 and formalized by Marion Clawson and Jack Knetsch in the 1960s, is an econometric approach for valuing recreational sites and environmental amenities by inferring value from the travel costs (transportation, time, entry fees) that people incur to visit them. The core principle is that distance traveled and travel costs reveal how much people value a recreation site: those traveling far incur high costs, implying high value.	Contingent Valuation (CVM), developed by Robert Davis in the 1960s, is a survey-based method for estimating the economic value of non-market environmental goods and services—such as wilderness preservation, air quality, or species protection—by directly asking people their willingness to pay (WTP) for specified improvements or willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for losses. It provides a valuation where market prices do not exist.	The hedonic pricing model, developed by Sherwin Rosen in 1974 and building on Kevin Lancaster's characteristics theory (1966), is an econometric method for valuing the implicit prices of product attributes by regressing market prices on observed characteristics. It reveals the trade-offs consumers are willing to make among product features and can be used to infer valuations of environmental amenities (e.g., air quality via house prices) and to adjust price indices for quality changes.