Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Kuridhika kwa Watalii	Kiwango cha Ubora wa Huduma za Hoteli
Nyanja	Usimamizi wa Utalii	Usimamizi wa Utalii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s	2003
Mwanzilishi	Multiple authors (composite instrument)	Getty, J. M., & Getty, R. L.
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire / Expectancy-disconfirmation scale
Chanzo asilia	Akama, J. S., & Kieti, D. M. (1996). Tourism and socio-economic change in a Kenyan coastal community. Journal of Tourism Studies, 7(2), 45-61.	Getty, J. M., & Getty, R. L. (2003). Lodging quality index (LQI): Assessing Expectations and Perceptions of Lodging Quality. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(2), 33-46.
Majina mbadala	TSS	HSQS, Lodging Quality Index, LQI
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Tourist Satisfaction Scale (TSS) measures overall and domain-specific satisfaction of visitors to a destination or tourism facility. Developed across multiple research streams in the 1990s-2000s, it quantifies how well tourism experiences meet visitor expectations across accommodation, attractions, service quality, and value. Essential for destination marketing organizations and hospitality managers seeking systematic feedback on visitor experiences and competitive benchmarking.	The Hotel Service Quality Scale (HSQS), including the Lodging Quality Index (LQI) developed by Getty & Getty (2003), measures guest perceptions of hotel service quality across multiple dimensions (room comfort, staff responsiveness, facilities, value). Using expectancy-disconfirmation theory, it captures not only perceived quality but the gap between expectations and reality, enabling precise diagnosis of service strengths and improvement priorities. Essential for hospitality managers seeking competitive positioning through service excellence and for franchisees maintaining brand standards.