Linganisha mbinu

	Chakula cha Vipengele Vitatu (TFEQ)	Kiwango cha kula kupindukia (BES)
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kliniki	Saikolojia ya Kliniki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1985	1982
Mwanzilishi	Albert Jay Stunkard, Samuel Messick	John Gormally, Susan Black, Sarah Daston, Diane Rardin
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Stunkard, A. J., & Messick, S. (1985). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 29(1), 71–83.	Gormally, J., Black, S., Daston, S., & Rardin, D. (1982). The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Addictive Behaviors, 7(1), 47–55.
Majina mbadala	TFEQ, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised (TFEQ-R21), Stunkard and Messick Three-Factor Eating	Binge Eating Scale Gormally, BES screening tool
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	The TFEQ is a self-report instrument measuring three distinct psychological dimensions of eating behaviour: cognitive restraint (conscious dieting efforts), disinhibition (loss of control over eating when triggered by stress or environmental cues), and hunger (subjective appetite and satiety responsiveness). Developed by Stunkard and Messick in 1985, the original 51-item instrument has been refined into a 21-item version (TFEQ-R21) widely used in obesity research, eating behaviour studies, and nutritional psychology.	The BES is a 16-item self-report questionnaire designed specifically to measure the behavioural and emotional features of binge eating in obese and non-obese populations. Developed by Gormally and colleagues in 1982, the BES uses a forced-choice format and focuses on the subjective experience of loss of control, severity of binge episodes, and affective triggers. It is widely used in obesity treatment research and clinical screening for binge eating patterns.