Linganisha mbinu

	Chombo cha Kupima Ukali wa Kifua-Kifua–Toleo la Nne	Kiwango cha Tathmini ya Sauti ya GRBAS
Nyanja	Patholojia ya Usemi na Lugha	Patholojia ya Usemi na Lugha
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2009	1981
Mwanzilishi	Riley, G. D.	Hirano, M.
Aina	Clinician-rated	Clinician-rated
Chanzo asilia	Riley, G. D. (2009). Stuttering Severity Instrument for Children and Adults–Fourth Edition (SSI-4). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed Publications. ISBN: 978-1-59820-072-7	Hirano, M. (1981). Clinical Examination of Voice. Vienna: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 978-3-7091-4621-5
Majina mbadala	SSI-4, SSI, Stuttering Severity Index	GRBAS, GRBASI, Voice Perceptual Rating
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Stuttering Severity Instrument–Fourth Edition (SSI-4) is the standard clinician-administered measure of stuttering severity in children (ages 2–13) and adults (ages 14–75). Developed by Riley (2009), SSI-4 quantifies stuttering through three behavioral components: frequency (percentage of syllables stuttered), duration (average length of stuttering moments), and physical concomitants (observable tension and associated movements). SSI-4 Severity Scores enable reliable tracking of treatment response, prognosis estimation, and comparison across populations, making it essential for evidence-based stuttering assessment and research.	The GRBAS Scale (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain) is a clinician-rated perceptual assessment tool for classifying voice quality across five distinct vocal dimensions. Developed by Hirano in 1981, GRBAS provides a standardized language for voice clinicians and physicians to describe dysphonia characteristics (e.g., rough voice, breathy voice, weak voice) using ordinal subscales. GRBAS is foundational in voice pathology education and remains widely used in clinical and research settings despite modern objective measures like acoustic analysis and laryngeal imaging.