Linganisha mbinu

	Uundaji wa Dispersi Imara	Kipimo cha Upenyezaji wa Seli za Caco-2	Kigezo cha Ufanano cha Umumunyifu f1/f2	Utoaji wa Dawa kwa Njia ya Liposomal
Nyanja	Famakolojia	Famakolojia	Famakolojia	Famakolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1971	1989	1996	1965
Mwanzilishi	William Chiou and Solomon Riegelman	Ingrid Hidalgo	James Moore and Hector Flanner	Alec Bangham
Aina	solubility enhancement	absorption screening	similarity testing	formulation technology
Chanzo asilia	Chiou, W. L., Riegelman, S. (1971). Pharmaceutical applications of solid dispersions. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 60(9), 1281-1302.	Hidalgo, I. J., Raub, T. J., & Borchardt, R. T. (1989). Characterization of the human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) as a model system for intestinal epithelial permeability. Gastroenterology, 96(3), 736-749.	Moore, J. W., & Flanner, H. H. (1996). Mathematical comparison of dissolution profiles. Pharmaceutical Technology, 20(6), 64-74.	Bangham, A. D., Standish, M. M., & Watkins, J. C. (1965). Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipid films and the determination of membrane potential. Journal of Molecular Biology, 13(1), 238-252.
Majina mbadala	solid solution, amorphous dispersion, polymer-based formulation	Caco-2 assay, intestinal permeability, ADME screening	f1, f2, similarity factor	liposomal formulation, vesicular delivery, lipid nanoparticles
Zinazohusiana	3	3	3	3
Muhtasari	Solid dispersion is a formulation technique where a poorly soluble drug is molecularly dispersed in a hydrophilic polymer matrix, improving aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Introduced by Chiou and Riegelman in 1971, solid dispersions remain a key strategy for overcoming solubility-limited absorption.	The Caco-2 assay is an in vitro model system using human colon carcinoma cell monolayers to screen drug intestinal permeability. Developed by Hidalgo and colleagues in 1989, Caco-2 cells differentiate into an epithelial barrier resembling intestinal mucosa, enabling rapid assessment of drug absorption potential and identification of transporter-mediated transport.	The f1 and f2 factors are dimensionless statistical measures developed by Moore and Flanner to quantify the similarity between two dissolution profiles. Adopted by regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA) as the gold standard for comparing dissolution curves, these factors enable rapid assessment of whether formulation changes significantly impact drug release.	Liposomal encapsulation is a formulation technique using lipid bilayer vesicles (liposomes) to enclose drugs, improving bioavailability, reducing toxicity, and enabling targeted delivery. Developed by Alec Bangham in 1965, liposomes are now standard in pharmaceutical development, with several FDA-approved liposomal drugs on the market.