Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Huruma-Mwenyewe (SCS)× | Kiwalizio cha Huruma cha Toronto× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Kijamii | Saikolojia ya Kijamii |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2003 | 2009 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Kristin Neff | Randy Spreng, Mary McKinnon, Raymond Mar, and Brian Levine |
| Aina≠ | Mindful self-kindness and psychological resilience measure | Empathic ability and emotional responsiveness measure |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. DOI ↗ | Spreng, R. N., McKinnon, M. C., Mar, R. A., & Levine, B. (2009). The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(1), 62–71. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | SCS, Neff Self-Compassion Scale | TEQ, Toronto Empathy Scale |
| Zinazohusiana | 3 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a 26-item measure assessing self-compassion—the capacity to relate to oneself with kindness and understanding, rather than harsh self-judgment, in the face of difficulty or failure. Developed by Kristin Neff in 2003, the SCS operationalizes self-compassion as a multidimensional construct involving self-kindness (versus self-criticism), common humanity (versus isolation), and mindfulness (versus over-identification with negative emotions). The instrument has become standard in clinical, positive psychology, and health psychology research examining resilience, well-being, and mental health. | The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) is a 16-item self-report measure of empathic ability and emotional responsiveness to others' emotions. Developed by Randy Spreng and colleagues in 2009, the TEQ captures affective empathy—the capacity to feel and share another person's emotions—rather than cognitive perspective-taking. The scale has become widely used in social, clinical, and neuroscience research examining individual differences in emotional empathy and its correlates with mental health, prosocial behavior, and brain structure. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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