Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha SCOFF cha Matatizo ya Kula	Kiwango cha kula kupindukia (BES)
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kliniki	Saikolojia ya Kliniki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1999	1982
Mwanzilishi	James Morgan, Fiona Reid, John Lacey	John Gormally, Susan Black, Sarah Daston, Diane Rardin
Aina	Clinician-administered or self-report screening questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Morgan, J. F., Reid, F., & Lacey, J. H. (1999). The SCOFF questionnaire: Assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. BMJ, 319(7223), 1467–1468.	Gormally, J., Black, S., Daston, S., & Rardin, D. (1982). The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Addictive Behaviors, 7(1), 47–55.
Majina mbadala	SCOFF Questionnaire, Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food	Binge Eating Scale Gormally, BES screening tool
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The SCOFF is a five-question screening tool for eating disorders, developed by Morgan, Reid, and Lacey at the University of Leeds in 1999. Its acronym—Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food—represents its five core items. The SCOFF is exceptionally brief, takes less than 2 minutes to administer, and was designed to identify cases of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in primary care and medical settings. It remains one of the fastest and most widely used screening instruments globally.	The BES is a 16-item self-report questionnaire designed specifically to measure the behavioural and emotional features of binge eating in obese and non-obese populations. Developed by Gormally and colleagues in 1982, the BES uses a forced-choice format and focuses on the subjective experience of loss of control, severity of binge episodes, and affective triggers. It is widely used in obesity treatment research and clinical screening for binge eating patterns.