Linganisha mbinu

	Sampuli ya Kuchanganua	Sampuli ya Wanyama Wanaolengwa	Polisomnografia
Nyanja	Sayansi ya Mifugo	Sayansi ya Mifugo	Sayansi ya Mifugo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1974	1974	1953
Mwanzilishi	Jeanne Altmann	Jeanne Altmann	William Dement and Nathaniel Kleitman
Aina	Group Behavioral Sampling	Behavioral Sampling Protocol	Multi-channel Recording and Analysis
Chanzo asilia	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.	Rechtschaffen, A., & Kales, A. (1968). A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages in Human Subjects. National Institutes of Health Publication.
Majina mbadala	instantaneous sampling, scan observation, group sampling	FAS, focal sampling, behavior recording	PSG, sleep study, overnight monitoring
Zinazohusiana	3	3	3
Muhtasari	Scan Sampling (also called instantaneous sampling) is a behavioral observation method in which an observer records the state of all group members simultaneously at regular time intervals. Introduced alongside focal animal sampling by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, scan sampling is efficient for quantifying activity budgets and group-level behavioral patterns in multiple animals without the labor of focal observation.	Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.	Polysomnography (PSG) is a comprehensive multi-channel physiological recording method that simultaneously records brain electrical activity, eye movements, muscle tone, respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and limb movements during sleep. First systematized by Rechtschaffen and Kales in 1968, polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep disorders, characterizing sleep architecture, and assessing the quality and organization of sleep in humans and increasingly in veterinary species.