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| Modelu Imara ya ARMA× | Mfumo wa ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Ekonometriki | Ekonometriki |
| Familia | Regression model | Regression model |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1986 | 1970 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Martin & Yohai (1986); broader robust time series literature | George Box and Gwilym Jenkins |
| Aina≠ | Robust time series model | Time series forecasting model |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Franses, P. H., & Ghijsels, H. (1999). Additive outliers, GARCH and forecasting volatility. International Journal of Forecasting, 15(1), 1-9. link ↗ | Box, G. E. P., & Jenkins, G. M. (1970). Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control. Holden-Day. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | robust ARMA, outlier-robust ARMA, M-estimator ARMA, resistant ARMA estimation | ARIMA, Box-Jenkins model, integrated ARMA, ARIMA(p,d,q) |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Robust ARMA model extends the classical Autoregressive Moving Average framework by replacing the sensitive least-squares loss with outlier-resistant estimation methods — typically M-estimators or median-based approaches. This protects coefficient estimates and forecasts from being distorted by additive outliers, level shifts, or innovational outliers that are common in economic and financial time series. | The ARIMA(p,d,q) model is the standard workhorse for univariate time series forecasting. It combines autoregressive terms (past values), differencing to induce stationarity, and moving average terms (past shocks) into a unified linear framework. Developed by Box and Jenkins (1970), it remains one of the most widely applied models in econometrics and applied statistics. |
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