Linganisha mbinu

	Responsible Research and Innovation Assessment	Horizon Scanning
Nyanja	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2013	2009
Mwanzilishi	Jack Stilgoe, Richard Owen, Phil Macnaghten	William J. Sutherland, Effie Amanatidou, and the foresight/scanning community
Aina	Normative governance and reflexive-assessment process	Systematic search-and-detection process
Chanzo asilia	Stilgoe, J., Owen, R., & Macnaghten, P. (2013). Developing a framework for responsible innovation. Research Policy, 42(9), 1568-1580.	Sutherland, W. J., & Woodroof, H. J. (2009). The need for environmental horizon scanning. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 24(10), 523-527.
Majina mbadala	RRI assessment, Responsible innovation framework, AIRR assessment	Environmental scanning, Weak-signal detection, Emerging-issues analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) assessment is an approach to governing science and innovation that asks not only whether a technology works but whether it is desirable, and seeks to align research and innovation with the values, needs, and expectations of society. The influential Stilgoe-Owen-Macnaghten framework operationalises this through four dimensions—anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness (AIRR)—that are built into the innovation process so that direction and purpose, not just risk and product, become objects of deliberate care.	Horizon scanning is the systematic examination of information to detect early signs of potentially important developments—weak signals, emerging issues, and wild cards—before they become obvious or fully formed. By surveying a wide range of sources at the edge of current attention, it gives decision-makers advance warning of opportunities and threats and supplies the raw material for foresight, scenario building, and anticipatory policy.