Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Usalama wa Kisaikolojia× | Kiwango cha Mahitaji-Rasilimali za Kazi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tabia ya Shirika | Tabia ya Shirika |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1999 | 2001 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Amy C. Edmondson | Evangelia Demerouti and Arnold B. Bakker |
| Aina≠ | Team-level self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383. DOI ↗ | Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: state of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | PSS, Team Psychological Safety Scale | JDRS, JD-R Questionnaire |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Psychological Safety Scale (PSS), developed by Amy Edmondson in 1999, measures team members' shared perception that they can take interpersonal risks—speaking up, asking questions, admitting mistakes, proposing new ideas—without fear of embarrassment, punishment, or rejection. The 7-item scale captures a team-level construct fundamental to learning, innovation, and psychological well-being. High psychological safety predicts team performance, learning from errors, information sharing, and adaptive responses to change. | The Job Demands-Resources Scale (JDRS) is a multidimensional assessment instrument based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, developed by Demerouti and Bakker in 2001. It measures the balance between job demands (workload, time pressure, emotional demands) and resources (autonomy, support, opportunities for growth) that shape employee well-being, engagement, and burnout risk. The JDRS has become central to occupational health research and practice. |
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