Linganisha mbinu

	Performance-Based Budgeting	Program Budgeting (PPBS)
Nyanja	Public Administration	Public Administration
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1966	1965
Mwanzilishi	Allen Schick	David Novick & RAND Corporation; Allen Schick
Aina	Budgeting methodology	Budgeting and planning system
Chanzo asilia	Schick, A. (1966). The Road to PPB: The Stages of Budget Reform. Public Administration Review, 26(4), 243–258.	Schick, A. (1966). The Road to PPB: The Stages of Budget Reform. Public Administration Review, 26(4), 243–258.
Majina mbadala	PBB, Performance Budgeting, Results-Based Budgeting, Outcome-Based Budgeting	PPBS, Planning-Programming-Budgeting System, Program Budgeting, Programme Budgeting
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Performance-based budgeting is an approach to public budgeting that connects the funds allocated to programs with the results those programs are expected to and actually do deliver. Rather than appropriating money by line items such as salaries and supplies, it organises the budget around programs with stated objectives and performance indicators, so that resource decisions can be informed by what the money buys in terms of outputs and outcomes. Allen Schick's classic 1966 analysis of budget reform traced how budgeting evolved from controlling inputs toward management and planning orientations, of which performance budgeting is a central strand, and the OECD has documented its modern variants across member governments.	Program budgeting, formalised as the Planning-Programming-Budgeting System (PPBS), structures the budget around the government's objectives and the programs that serve them rather than around organisational units or input line items. It couples that program structure with systematic analysis of alternative ways to achieve each objective, multi-year cost projections, and cost-effectiveness comparison. Developed at the RAND Corporation and set out in David Novick's 1965 edited volume, it was adopted across the U.S. federal government under Defense Secretary Robert McNamara and President Johnson. Allen Schick's 1966 essay 'The Road to PPB' placed it as the culmination of budgeting's evolution toward a planning orientation.