Linganisha mbinu

	Rejista ya Uhusiano wa Mzazi na Mtoto	Hojaji ya Kiwewe cha Utotoni
Nyanja	Saikiatria ya Watoto	Saikiatria ya Watoto
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1994	1994
Mwanzilishi	Abraham Gerard	David Bernstein
Aina	Parent self-report questionnaire	Self-report retrospective questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Gerard, A. B. (1994). Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI): Technical Manual. Western Psychological Services. ISBN: 0874116598	Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Ruggiero, D. F., . . . Rountree, J. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(8), 1132–1136.
Majina mbadala	PCRI	CTQ, CTQ-SF
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) is a 78-item (or 35-item short form) parent self-report measure of parenting attitudes, behaviors, and relationship quality with their child ages 3–15 years. Developed by Abraham Gerard in 1994, the PCRI assesses six dimensions of parenting: Parental Support, Satisfaction with Parenting, Involvement, Communication, Limit Setting, and Autonomy Granting. It is used in clinical, developmental, and research settings to evaluate parenting strengths and challenges, guide parenting interventions, and measure outcomes of family-based treatments.	The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is a 28-item self-report measure assessing retrospective experiences of childhood abuse and neglect in adolescents and adults. Developed by David Bernstein and colleagues in 1994, the CTQ quantifies five types of maltreatment: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. It is widely used in clinical, forensic, and research settings to understand the role of childhood trauma in adult mental health, substance use, trauma-related disorders, and risk factors for future violence.