Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Maswali ya Uthabiti wa Akili (MTQ48)× | Maswali ya Mwelekeo wa Kazi na Ubinafsi katika Michezo (TEOSQ)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Michezo | Saikolojia ya Michezo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2002 | 1992 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Peter Clough, Keith Earle, David Sewell | Joan Duda, John Nicholls |
| Aina≠ | Self-report mental toughness and resilience questionnaire | Self-report achievement goal orientation questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: A definition and measured construct. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 169–187. link ↗ | Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 290–299. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | MTQ48, Mental Toughness, 4Cs | TEOSQ, Task Ego Orientation |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The MTQ48 is a 48-item instrument measuring mental toughness—the capacity to perform well under pressure, persist through adversity, maintain emotional control, and sustain commitment toward goals. Developed by Clough, Earle, and Sewell in 2002, the MTQ48 operationalizes mental toughness across four dimensions (the '4Cs': Control, Commitment, Challenge, and Confidence) and has become widely adopted in sport psychology, talent development, and organizational psychology for identifying and developing psychological resilience. | The TEOSQ is a 13-item questionnaire measuring achievement goal orientation in sport: the underlying reasons athletes define success and pursue achievement. Developed by Duda and Nicholls in 1992, the TEOSQ has become a cornerstone instrument for understanding athlete motivation, resilience, and response to failure. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
|
|