Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Kiwango cha Wasiwasi wa Hisabati	Kiwango cha Mitazamo ya Kufikiri kwa Makini
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Elimu	Saikolojia ya Elimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1972	1992
Mwanzilishi	Frank Richardson, Richard Suinn	Peter Facione
Aina	Domain-specific anxiety assessment	Critical thinking propensity measurement
Chanzo asilia	Richardson, F. C., & Suinn, R. M. (1972). The Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale: Psychometric data. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19(6), 551-554.	Facione, P. A., Facione, N. C., & Giancarlo, C. A. F. (1992). The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. Insight Assessment, Millbrae, CA.
Majina mbadala	MARS, Math Anxiety Measure	CTDS, California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, CCTDI
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) is a self-report instrument measuring the degree of anxiety students experience in mathematical situations. Developed by Richardson and Suinn (1972) and revised by Plake and Parker (1995), it assesses emotional and physiological responses to math learning and performance. Mathematics anxiety—fear or dread anticipating math tasks—significantly undermines achievement, particularly in STEM fields, and is a target for intervention in educational and clinical settings.	The Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (CTDS), exemplified by the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI), measures the extent to which individuals exhibit cognitive dispositions conducive to critical thinking. Developed by Facione (1992), it assesses dimensions including truth-seeking, open-mindedness, analytical orientation, self-confidence, systematic approach, and inquisitiveness. Critical thinking dispositions—the habits of mind and values that support rigorous reasoning—are distinct from but complementary to critical thinking skills.