Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Kiwango cha Wasiwasi wa Hisabati	Kiwango cha Kujiamini Kifedha cha Kitaaluma
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Elimu	Saikolojia ya Elimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1972	1977
Mwanzilishi	Frank Richardson, Richard Suinn	Albert Bandura
Aina	Domain-specific anxiety assessment	Self-efficacy belief measurement
Chanzo asilia	Richardson, F. C., & Suinn, R. M. (1972). The Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale: Psychometric data. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19(6), 551-554.	Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
Majina mbadala	MARS, Math Anxiety Measure	ASES, Self-Efficacy for Academic Performance
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) is a self-report instrument measuring the degree of anxiety students experience in mathematical situations. Developed by Richardson and Suinn (1972) and revised by Plake and Parker (1995), it assesses emotional and physiological responses to math learning and performance. Mathematics anxiety—fear or dread anticipating math tasks—significantly undermines achievement, particularly in STEM fields, and is a target for intervention in educational and clinical settings.	The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) measures students' beliefs about their capability to succeed in academic tasks. Grounded in Bandura's social cognitive theory, the instrument assesses perceived competence in diverse academic domains—understanding lectures, completing assignments, performing on exams, and engaging in scholarly work. High academic self-efficacy is a strong predictor of achievement, persistence, and resilience in the face of academic challenges.