Linganisha mbinu

	Modelu ya Multifractal ya Kubadilisha-badilisha ya Markov	Modeli wa GARCH (Utabiri wa Msukosuko)
Nyanja	Mfululizo wa Muda	Ekonometriki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2004	1986
Mwanzilishi	Luc E. Calvet	Tim Bollerslev
Aina	Stochastic volatility model	Conditional volatility model
Chanzo asilia	Calvet, L. E., & Fisher, A. J. (2004). How to forecast long-run volatility: regime-switching and the estimation of multifractal processes. Journal of Financial Econometrics, 2(1), 49–83.	Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31(3), 307–327.
Majina mbadala	MSM, Markov-switching multifractal volatility	GARCH, GARCH(1,1), conditional volatility model, GARCH Modeli (Oynaklık Tahmini)
Zinazohusiana	3	5
Muhtasari	The Markov-Switching Multifractal (MSM) model is a flexible framework for capturing time-varying volatility and long-memory effects in financial time series. Developed by Calvet and Fisher (2004), it combines Markov chain theory with multifractal scaling principles to generate volatility that exhibits multiple frequency components, each switching between high and low regimes. This approach is particularly effective for modeling asset returns with realistic fat tails and clustered volatility.	The Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, introduced by Tim Bollerslev in 1986, models the time-varying conditional variance of a financial time series. It captures volatility clustering and the ARCH effect, and is the standard tool for estimating risk and volatility in return series.