Linganisha mbinu

	Skeli ya Uwezo wa Kuhisi Soko	Kiwango cha Mwelekeo wa Ujasiriamali
Nyanja	Usimamizi wa Kimkakati	Usimamizi wa Kimkakati
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990	1983
Mwanzilishi	Ajay Kohli, Bernard Jaworski, and George S. Day	Danny Miller
Aina	Organizational self-report questionnaire	Organizational self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Kohli, A. K., & Jaworski, B. J. (1990). Market orientation: The construct, research propositions, and managerial implications. Journal of Marketing, 54(2), 1–18.	Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–791.
Majina mbadala	MSC, Market Intelligence Capability	EO Scale, Miller Scale
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Market Sensing Capability (MSC) refers to an organization's ability to systematically gather, interpret, and respond to market information about customers, competitors, and market trends. Building on Kohli and Jaworski's (1990) market orientation construct and George Day's (1994) framework of market-driven organizations, the MSC scale measures three interconnected processes: intelligence generation (acquiring market information), dissemination (sharing information across functions), and responsiveness (acting on market insights). Organizations with strong MSC detect competitive threats earlier, understand customer needs more deeply, and adapt strategies faster than competitors with weaker sensing capabilities.	The Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) Scale, developed by Danny Miller (1983), measures the extent to which an organization exhibits strategic postures characteristic of entrepreneurship. It assesses three core dimensions—innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness—that distinguish entrepreneurial from conservative firms. This framework has become foundational in strategic management research and organizational behavior.