Linganisha mbinu

	Maswali ya Maudhui ya Kazi	Kielelezo cha Uwezo wa Kazi
Nyanja	Tabia ya Shirika	Tabia ya Shirika
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1985	1998
Mwanzilishi	Robert A. Karasek	Kaija Tuomi, Juhani Ilmarinen, Asko Jahkola, Leena Katajarinne, and Aune Tulkki
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Karasek, R. A., Jr. (1985). Job Content Questionnaire and user's guide. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering.	Tuomi, K., Ilmarinen, J., Jahkola, A., Katajarinne, L., & Tulkki, A. (1998). Work Ability Index (2nd edn). Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. ISBN: 978-9521070372
Majina mbadala	JCQ, Karasek Strain Questionnaire	WAI
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), developed by Robert Karasek in 1985, operationalizes the Job Strain Model, a foundational theory linking job characteristics to health outcomes. The JCQ measures job demands, decision latitude (autonomy and skill utilization), social support, and physical exertion. It identifies high-strain jobs (high demands, low control)—the most hazardous combination—and supports research linking work organization to cardiovascular disease, mental health, and occupational disability.	The Work Ability Index (WAI), developed by Tuomi and colleagues at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 1998, is a validated self-assessment instrument measuring the ability to perform work. The WAI comprises seven dimensions: current work ability compared to lifetime best, work ability relative to job demands, number of diagnosed diseases, absenteeism, prognosis, mental resources, and productivity. It is widely used in occupational health surveillance, aging-workforce management, and return-to-work programs.