Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Maswali ya Maudhui ya Kazi× | Utafiti wa Kuridhika Kazini× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tabia ya Shirika | Tabia ya Shirika |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili | 1985 | 1985 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Robert A. Karasek | Paul E. Spector |
| Aina | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Karasek, R. A., Jr. (1985). Job Content Questionnaire and user's guide. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering. link ↗ | Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: development of the Job Satisfaction Survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(6), 693-713. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | JCQ, Karasek Strain Questionnaire | JSS |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), developed by Robert Karasek in 1985, operationalizes the Job Strain Model, a foundational theory linking job characteristics to health outcomes. The JCQ measures job demands, decision latitude (autonomy and skill utilization), social support, and physical exertion. It identifies high-strain jobs (high demands, low control)—the most hazardous combination—and supports research linking work organization to cardiovascular disease, mental health, and occupational disability. | The Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) is a 36-item, multidimensional self-report questionnaire developed by Paul Spector in 1985. It assesses nine facets of job satisfaction including pay, promotion, supervision, work itself, fringe benefits, coworkers, communication, working conditions, and management. The JSS has become one of the most widely used job satisfaction instruments in organizational research and practice. |
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