Linganisha mbinu

	Mchanganuo wa Milia Iliyoingiliwa katika Utafiti wa Elimu	Njia ya Kidhibiti Sanisi (SCM)
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1979-2002	2003–2010
Mwanzilishi	Shadish, Cook & Campbell (quasi-experimental design); Wagner et al. (segmented regression formalization)	Alberto Abadie & Javier Gardeazabal (2003); Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller (2010)
Aina	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Quasi-experimental causal inference
Chanzo asilia	Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN: 978-0395615560	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.
Majina mbadala	ITS in education, educational ITS, segmented regression in education, policy interrupted time series	SCM, synthetic control, synth estimator, Abadie-Diamond-Hainmueller method
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis is a quasi-experimental design that estimates the causal effect of an education policy or intervention by examining whether an outcome trend changes abruptly at the point of implementation. Applied to education, it is used to evaluate reforms, curriculum changes, testing policies, and school interventions using routinely collected longitudinal data without a randomised control group.	The Synthetic Control Method estimates the causal effect of a treatment or policy on a single treated unit by constructing a weighted combination of untreated units — the synthetic control — that closely resembles the treated unit before the intervention. The gap between the treated unit and its synthetic counterpart after the intervention is the estimated treatment effect.