Linganisha mbinu

	Athari katika Ushiriki na Uhuru	Kipimo cha Ushiriki kwa Utunzaji wa Baada ya Umahututi
Nyanja	Sayansi ya Urekebishaji	Sayansi ya Urekebishaji
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2001	2012
Mwanzilishi	Cardol, de Haan, de Groot, de Jong	Wang, Hart, Stratford, Mioduski
Aina	Self-report or Proxy	Clinician-rated
Chanzo asilia	Cardol, M., de Haan, R. J., de Jong, B. A., van den Bos, G. A., & de Groot, I. J. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(2), 210–216.	Wang, Y. C., Hart, D. L., Stratford, P. W., & Mioduski, J. E. (2012). Baseline dependency, not diagnosis, drives therapy intensity and discharge outcome after inpatient rehabilitation. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 21(6), 431–437.
Majina mbadala	IPA, IPA-Scale	PM-PAC, PAC
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) scale is a validated, patient-centered measure designed to quantify how chronic conditions or disabilities affect an individual's autonomy and participation in five key life domains: autonomy, mobility, occupation, social relations, and recreation. Developed in the Netherlands by Cardol and colleagues, it operationalizes the WHO handicap concept (now called 'participation restriction') and is widely used in rehabilitation, chronic disease management, and policy evaluation across Europe.	The Participation Measure for Post-Acute Care (PM-PAC) is a brief, clinician-administered tool designed to measure functional participation and independence in hospitalized rehabilitation patients across self-care, mobility, cognition, and social domains. Developed by Wang, Hart, Stratford, and Mioduski, PM-PAC is widely used in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF) and skilled nursing facilities (SNF) to track progress, predict discharge outcomes, and inform therapy intensity planning.