Linganisha mbinu

	Geometric Morphometrics	Uchambuzi wa Umbile wa Mikwaruzo ya Meno
Nyanja	Akiolojia	Akiolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1991	1988
Mwanzilishi	Fred Bookstein	Peter Teaford
Aina	Shape and form analysis	Dietary inference method
Chanzo asilia	Bookstein, F. L. (1991). Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology. Cambridge University Press.	Ungar, P. S. (2007). Evolution of the human diet: The known, the unknown, and the unknowable. Oxford University Press.
Majina mbadala	shape analysis, morphometric analysis	microwear analysis, dental wear analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Geometric morphometrics is a quantitative analytical method that captures, analyzes, and compares the shapes of biological structures (bones, teeth, pottery) using coordinate data from landmarks and outlines. Developed by Fred Bookstein in the 1990s, GMM provides a rigorous statistical framework for studying shape variation across populations or time periods. The method allows archaeologists to quantify morphological differences between individuals, populations, or artifact classes with precision impossible using traditional linear measurements.	Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) is a method that reconstructs diet and dietary behavior from microscopic wear patterns on the surfaces of teeth. Pioneered by Mark Teaford in the 1980s, DMTA analyzes the three-dimensional texture of wear patterns produced as food is chewed. The method reflects short-term (last few months) dietary composition, complementing longer-term dietary information obtained from stable isotope analysis. DMTA has proven powerful for distinguishing diets rich in tough/fibrous foods from those dominated by hard/brittle foods.