Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Mfumo	Utafiti Shirikishi	Utafiti wa kifani
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1994	1946	1984 (seminal codification)
Mwanzilishi	Jane Ritchie & Liz Spencer (National Centre for Social Research, UK)	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)
Aina	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative research design
Chanzo asilia	Ritchie, J., & Spencer, L. (1994). Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. In A. Bryman & R. G. Burgess (Eds.), Analysing Qualitative Data (pp. 173–194). Routledge.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Majina mbadala	FA, Framework Method, Framework Approach, Applied Qualitative Analysis	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology
Zinazohusiana	6	1	5
Muhtasari	Framework Analysis is a structured qualitative method developed by Jane Ritchie and Liz Spencer at the UK National Centre for Social Research in 1994. It organises qualitative data into a thematic matrix — the analytical framework — enabling systematic comparison across participants and themes. Originally designed for applied policy research with specific questions and timelines, it is now widely used in health services, social policy, and management research where transparency and rigorous cross-case comparison are essential.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.