Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Uchambuzi wa Mfumo× | Utafiti Shirikishi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja≠ | Mbinu za Kimaelezo | Utafiti wa Kimaelezo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1994 | 1946 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Jane Ritchie & Liz Spencer (National Centre for Social Research, UK) | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury |
| Aina≠ | Qualitative research method | Method |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Ritchie, J., & Spencer, L. (1994). Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. In A. Bryman & R. G. Burgess (Eds.), Analysing Qualitative Data (pp. 173–194). Routledge. link ↗ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | FA, Framework Method, Framework Approach, Applied Qualitative Analysis | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 6 | 1 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Framework Analysis is a structured qualitative method developed by Jane Ritchie and Liz Spencer at the UK National Centre for Social Research in 1994. It organises qualitative data into a thematic matrix — the analytical framework — enabling systematic comparison across participants and themes. Originally designed for applied policy research with specific questions and timelines, it is now widely used in health services, social policy, and management research where transparency and rigorous cross-case comparison are essential. | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. |
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