Linganisha mbinu

	Muundo wa Fourier DCC-GARCH	Modeli ya EGARCH (Exponential GARCH)
Nyanja	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2002 (DCC-GARCH); Fourier extension applied from mid-2010s onward	1991
Mwanzilishi	Engle (2002) for DCC-GARCH; Fourier extension by Gallant (1981) and later applied in financial econometrics	Daniel B. Nelson
Aina	Multivariate volatility model with smooth structural breaks	Volatility / conditional variance model
Chanzo asilia	Engle, R. (2002). Dynamic conditional correlations: A simple class of multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 20(3), 339-350.	Nelson, D. B. (1991). Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A new approach. Econometrica, 59(2), 347–370.
Majina mbadala	Fourier DCC-GARCH, Fourier-augmented DCC-GARCH, DCC-GARCH with Fourier terms, smooth structural break DCC-GARCH	Exponential GARCH, EGARCH, Nelson EGARCH, log-GARCH
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	The Fourier DCC-GARCH model extends Engle's Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH framework by embedding Fourier trigonometric terms in the conditional mean or variance equations. This allows the model to approximate smooth, gradual structural shifts in volatility dynamics and inter-asset correlations without requiring knowledge of the number or timing of break points.	The Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model, introduced by Nelson (1991), extends the standard GARCH framework by modelling the logarithm of conditional variance. This ensures variance is always positive without parameter constraints and, crucially, allows negative and positive shocks to have asymmetric effects on volatility — capturing the well-known leverage effect in financial markets.