Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Neophobia ya Chakula (FNS)	Kiwango cha Kujiamini katika Lishe (DASES / Kujiamini kwa Kisukari)
Nyanja	Sayansi ya Lishe	Sayansi ya Lishe
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1992	2003
Mwanzilishi	Paul Pliner, Karen Hobden	Kate Lorig, Philip L. Ritter, Farrokh Alavifard (Stanford Patient Education Center)
Aina	Self-report attitude scale	Self-report confidence scale
Chanzo asilia	Pliner, P., & Hobden, K. (1992). Development of a scale to measure the trait of food neophobia in humans. Appetite, 19(2), 105-120.	Lorig, K., Ritter, P. L., Villa, F., & Piette, J. D. (2009). Spanish language diabetes self-management with and without automated telephone reinforcement: two randomized trials. Diabetes Care, 32(3), 408-414.
Majina mbadala	FNS, neophobia	DASES, diabetes-self-efficacy, nutrition-efficacy
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Food Neophobia Scale is a 10-item self-report instrument measuring the degree to which individuals are reluctant or fearful of trying new foods. Developed by Pliner and Hobden in 1992, the FNS measures food neophobia—an aversion to unfamiliar foods—which is influenced by both evolutionary factors (caution toward unknown foods) and learned behaviors. The scale is widely used in nutrition, food science, and psychology research examining dietary diversity, food acceptance, and barriers to healthy eating.	The Nutrition Self-Efficacy Scale, sometimes called the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES), is an 8-item instrument measuring confidence in performing diet-related behaviors and self-management skills. Developed by Lorig and colleagues at the Stanford Patient Education Center in 2003, it is based on self-efficacy theory and measures respondents' confidence in their ability to eat healthily, manage portions, choose healthful foods, and overcome dietary barriers. The scale is used in diabetes care, weight management, and general nutrition intervention research.