Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Uongozi wa Kimaadili× | Kipimo cha Uaminifu wa Shirika× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tabia ya Shirika | Tabia ya Shirika |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2005 | 1996 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Brown, Treviño, and Harrison | Aneil K. Mishra |
| Aina | Self-report scale | Self-report scale |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117-134. DOI ↗ | Mishra, A. K. (1996). Organizational responses to crisis: The role of mutual trust and top management teams. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 842-865. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | Brown ELS | — |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Ethical Leadership Scale (ELS) is a 10-item instrument measuring the degree to which leaders model ethical behavior and hold followers accountable to ethical standards. Developed by Brown, Treviño, and Harrison in 2005, the ELS operationalizes ethical leadership, assessing leader conduct and norm-setting that shape organizational ethics. | The Organizational Trust Scale (OTS) is a 12-item instrument designed to measure interpersonal trust and organizational confidence across four dimensions. Developed by Aneil K. Mishra in 1996, the scale addresses how employees perceive trustworthiness in their organization and leadership. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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