Linganisha mbinu

	Metabarcoding ya DNA ya Mazingira (eDNA)	Sampuli ya Umbali
Nyanja	Ikolojia	Ikolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2012	1993
Mwanzilishi	Pierre Taberlet	Stephen Buckland
Aina	species detection and community assessment	population abundance estimation
Chanzo asilia	Taberlet, P., Coissac, E., Hajibabaei, M., & Rieseberg, L. H. (2012). Environmental DNA. Molecular Ecology, 21(8), 1789-1793.	Buckland, S. T., Anderson, D. R., Burnham, K. P., Laake, J. L., Borchers, D. L., & Thomas, L. (1993). Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations. Chapman and Hall, London.
Majina mbadala	eDNA, metabarcoding, DNA metabarcoding, genetic monitoring	line transect, point transect, distance estimation, detection probability
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding detects and identifies species present in environmental samples (water, soil, air) by sequencing short DNA fragments released by organisms. Developed by Taberlet and colleagues (2012), this approach has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring: species can be surveyed without capture, observation, or complex sampling designs. Metabarcoding sequences millions of DNA fragments, identifies reads taxonomically, and assigns them to species. The method is non-invasive, rapid, and cost-effective, enabling large-scale biodiversity surveys and early detection of cryptic or rare species.	Distance sampling is a statistical method for estimating population abundance from data on distances between observers and detected individuals. Developed by Buckland and colleagues (1993) and formalized in the software Distance, this approach accounts for imperfect detection: animals far from an observer are less likely to be detected. By modeling the detection function (probability of detecting an animal at various distances), distance sampling produces unbiased estimates of abundance and density even when detection is incomplete.