Linganisha mbinu

	Metabarcoding ya DNA ya Mazingira (eDNA)	Muundo wa Bioaccumulation
Nyanja	Ikolojia	Ikolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2012	2006
Mwanzilishi	Pierre Taberlet	Frank Gobas
Aina	species detection and community assessment	pollutant accumulation dynamics
Chanzo asilia	Taberlet, P., Coissac, E., Hajibabaei, M., & Rieseberg, L. H. (2012). Environmental DNA. Molecular Ecology, 21(8), 1789-1793.	Arnot, J. A., & Gobas, F. A. (2006). A review of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) assessments for organic chemicals in aquatic organisms. Environmental Reviews, 14(4), 257-297.
Majina mbadala	eDNA, metabarcoding, DNA metabarcoding, genetic monitoring	accumulation model, toxicokinetics, persistent organic pollutants, POPs
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding detects and identifies species present in environmental samples (water, soil, air) by sequencing short DNA fragments released by organisms. Developed by Taberlet and colleagues (2012), this approach has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring: species can be surveyed without capture, observation, or complex sampling designs. Metabarcoding sequences millions of DNA fragments, identifies reads taxonomically, and assigns them to species. The method is non-invasive, rapid, and cost-effective, enabling large-scale biodiversity surveys and early detection of cryptic or rare species.	Bioaccumulation models predict how chemical contaminants accumulate in organisms from environmental exposure (water, food, sediment). Developed by Gobas and colleagues (2006), these models quantify the kinetics of chemical uptake, metabolism, and clearance. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) measure the ratio of chemical concentration in organisms to concentration in the environment. Understanding bioaccumulation is critical for assessing ecological risk from persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, and other contaminants.