Linganisha mbinu

	Mtawanyiko wa Nuru Kinabadilika	Uchambuzi wa Thermogravimetric
Nyanja	Sayansi ya Vifaa	Sayansi ya Vifaa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1964	1960s
Mwanzilishi	Robert Pecora	William W. Wendlandt
Aina	Measurement method	Characterization method
Chanzo asilia	Pecora, R. (1964). Spectral distribution of scattered light from a suspension of particles. Physica, 30(11), 2055-2070.	Wendlandt, W. W. (1986). Thermal Analysis (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Majina mbadala	DLS, photon correlation spectroscopy, particle size measurement	TGA, thermal gravimetry, thermogravimetry
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), also known as Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), is an analytical technique for determining the size and size distribution of particles suspended in fluids by analyzing the time-dependent intensity fluctuations of scattered laser light. Developed by Robert Pecora in 1964, DLS exploits the Brownian motion of particles: smaller particles move faster, causing faster intensity fluctuations; larger particles move slower, causing slower fluctuations. By correlating intensity over time, particle size is deduced. DLS is rapid, non-destructive, and requires minimal sample volume, making it the standard technique for characterizing nanoparticles, proteins, colloids, and emulsions.	Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is a thermal characterization technique that continuously measures mass loss or gain of a material as a function of temperature (or time at constant temperature). Developed systematically by William Wendlandt and colleagues in the 1960s, TGA identifies thermal transitions (evaporation, decomposition, oxidation, reduction) and quantifies composition of polymers, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, and other materials. The derivative signal (DTG) highlights transition temperatures. When combined with gas analysis (MS, FTIR), decomposition products are identified.