Linganisha mbinu

	Kujipiga Buti Maradufu (Kurudiwa)	Utoaji wa Hitimisho kwa Njia ya Bootstrap	Kipimo cha Mgeuzo (Ubaguzi)
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1986	1979	2005
Mwanzilishi	Hall (1986); Beran (1987)	Bradley Efron	Good (2005); Edgington & Onghena (2007); resampling tradition
Aina	Resampling calibration (nested bootstrap)	Resampling-based inference	Nonparametric resampling test
Chanzo asilia	Hall, P. (1986). On the Bootstrap and Confidence Intervals. Annals of Statistics, 14(4), 1431-1452.	Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1-26.	Good, P. (2005). Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387202792
Majina mbadala	iterated bootstrap, nested bootstrap, calibrated bootstrap, Çift Bootstrap (Double / Iterated Bootstrap)	bootstrap, bootstrap resampling, nonparametric bootstrap, Bootstrap Çıkarımı	randomization test, exact permutation test, re-randomization test, Permütasyon Testi
Zinazohusiana	5	5	5
Muhtasari	The double bootstrap is a resampling method that calibrates a bootstrap confidence interval with a second, nested layer of bootstrap to bring its actual coverage closer to the nominal level. Introduced by Hall (1986) and Beran (1987), it is especially valuable for small samples and skewed distributions where a single-layer bootstrap under-covers.	Bootstrap inference, introduced by Bradley Efron in 1979, estimates the sampling distribution of a statistic by repeatedly resampling the observed data with replacement. It requires no distributional assumption and produces reliable confidence intervals even in small samples.	The permutation test is a nonparametric resampling procedure that builds the sampling distribution of a test statistic directly from the data by repeatedly shuffling the group labels. Developed in the resampling tradition and treated systematically by Good (2005) and Edgington & Onghena (2007), it requires no parametric distributional assumption and yields an exact p-value.