Linganisha mbinu

	Utoaji wa Hitimisho kwa Njia ya Bootstrap	Kipimo cha Mgeuzo (Ubaguzi)
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1979	2005
Mwanzilishi	Bradley Efron	Good (2005); Edgington & Onghena (2007); resampling tradition
Aina	Resampling-based inference	Nonparametric resampling test
Chanzo asilia	Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1-26.	Good, P. (2005). Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387202792
Majina mbadala	bootstrap, bootstrap resampling, nonparametric bootstrap, Bootstrap Çıkarımı	randomization test, exact permutation test, re-randomization test, Permütasyon Testi
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Bootstrap inference, introduced by Bradley Efron in 1979, estimates the sampling distribution of a statistic by repeatedly resampling the observed data with replacement. It requires no distributional assumption and produces reliable confidence intervals even in small samples.	The permutation test is a nonparametric resampling procedure that builds the sampling distribution of a test statistic directly from the data by repeatedly shuffling the group labels. Developed in the resampling tradition and treated systematically by Good (2005) and Edgington & Onghena (2007), it requires no parametric distributional assumption and yields an exact p-value.