Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Tathmini ya Ulemavu	Athari katika Ushiriki na Uhuru
Nyanja	Sayansi ya Urekebishaji	Sayansi ya Urekebishaji
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1982	2001
Mwanzilishi	Rappaport, Hall, Hopkins, Belleza, Cope	Cardol, de Haan, de Groot, de Jong
Aina	Clinician-rated	Self-report or Proxy
Chanzo asilia	Rappaport, M., Hall, K. M., Hopkins, K., Belleza, T., & Cope, D. N. (1982). Disability rating scale for severe head trauma: Relation to rehabilitation outcomes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 63(3), 118–123.	Cardol, M., de Haan, R. J., de Jong, B. A., van den Bos, G. A., & de Groot, I. J. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(2), 210–216.
Majina mbadala	DRS, Rappaport DRS	IPA, IPA-Scale
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Disability Rating Scale (DRS) is a brief, clinician-administered measure specifically designed to assess the severity of disability and functional recovery across the entire spectrum of traumatic brain injury (TBI)—from acute coma to community reintegration. Developed by Rappaport and colleagues in 1982, DRS has become a standard outcome measure in TBI research and clinical practice, uniquely spanning acute (comatose) phases through chronic community outcomes where other measures fail.	The Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) scale is a validated, patient-centered measure designed to quantify how chronic conditions or disabilities affect an individual's autonomy and participation in five key life domains: autonomy, mobility, occupation, social relations, and recreation. Developed in the Netherlands by Cardol and colleagues, it operationalizes the WHO handicap concept (now called 'participation restriction') and is widely used in rehabilitation, chronic disease management, and policy evaluation across Europe.