Linganisha mbinu

	Picha ya Kurtosis ya Usambazaji	Uwiano wa Uhamishaji wa Usumaku	NODDI
Nyanja	Upigaji Picha wa Ubongo	Upigaji Picha wa Ubongo	Upigaji Picha wa Ubongo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2005	1989	2012
Mwanzilishi	Jens Jensen	Stephen Wolff	Hui Zhang
Aina	Microstructural white matter analysis	Tissue microstructure characterization	Microstructural white matter mapping
Chanzo asilia	Jensen, J. H., Helpern, J. A., Ramani, A., et al. (2005). Diffusional kurtosis imaging: the quantification of non-Gaussian water diffusion by magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 53(6), 1432–1440.	Wolff, S. D., & Balaban, R. S. (1989). Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and tissue water proton relaxation in vivo. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 10(2), 135–148.	Zhang, H., Schneider, T., Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A., & Alexander, D. C. (2012). NODDI: practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain. NeuroImage, 61(4), 1000–1016.
Majina mbadala	DKI, non-Gaussian diffusion, diffusion kurtosis	MTR, magnetization transfer, MT imaging	NODDI, neurite density mapping
Zinazohusiana	3	3	3
Muhtasari	Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) is an advanced diffusion MRI technique that quantifies non-Gaussian diffusion of water molecules, providing detailed information about tissue microstructure beyond conventional diffusion tensor imaging. Introduced by Jensen and colleagues in 2005, DKI detects deviations from normal Gaussian diffusion, revealing information about cellular compartmentalization and fiber heterogeneity.	Magnetisation Transfer Ratio (MTR) is an MRI method that measures the exchange of magnetization between free water protons and protons bound to macromolecules (primarily myelin lipids and proteins). Introduced by Wolff and Balaban in 1989, MTR reflects tissue macromolecular content and is particularly sensitive to myelination, providing a non-invasive estimate of myelin density.	Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) is a biophysical diffusion MRI model that quantifies microstructural properties of white matter: neurite density (axonal density), orientation dispersion (fiber coherence), and isotropic diffusion (free water or cerebrospinal fluid). Introduced by Zhang and colleagues in 2012, NODDI provides biologically interpretable metrics directly linking diffusion MRI signals to tissue microstructure.