Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Destination Image Scale× | Kiwango cha Kuridhika kwa Watalii× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Usimamizi wa Utalii | Usimamizi wa Utalii |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1991 | 1990s |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B. | Multiple authors (composite instrument) |
| Aina≠ | Self-report questionnaire / Semantic differential scale | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11-15. DOI ↗ | Akama, J. S., & Kieti, D. M. (1996). Tourism and socio-economic change in a Kenyan coastal community. Journal of Tourism Studies, 7(2), 45-61. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | DIS, Destination Perception Scale | TSS |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Destination Image Scale (DIS) measures how potential or actual visitors perceive and emotionally evaluate a tourism destination. Developed by Echtner & Ritchie (1991) and extended by Baloglu & Brinberg (1997), it captures both rational beliefs about destination attributes (attractions, climate, value, safety) and affective emotional responses (excitement, pleasantness, arousal). Destination image is a primary driver of visitation intention and repeat patronage, making the DIS essential for destination marketing strategy and competitive positioning. | The Tourist Satisfaction Scale (TSS) measures overall and domain-specific satisfaction of visitors to a destination or tourism facility. Developed across multiple research streams in the 1990s-2000s, it quantifies how well tourism experiences meet visitor expectations across accommodation, attractions, service quality, and value. Essential for destination marketing organizations and hospitality managers seeking systematic feedback on visitor experiences and competitive benchmarking. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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