Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti unaozingatia Ubunifu	Utafiti Shirikishi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Uwandani	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1992	1946
Mwanzilishi	Ann L. Brown and Allan Collins (independently, 1992)	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury
Aina	Interventionist qualitative-quantitative mixed methodology	Method
Chanzo asilia	Brown, A. L. (1992). Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(2), 141–178.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.
Majina mbadala	DBR, design research, design experiment, educational design research	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry
Zinazohusiana	6	1
Muhtasari	Design-based research (DBR) is an iterative, interventionist methodology that simultaneously designs educational interventions and builds theory about how and why those interventions work in authentic, complex settings. Originating in Ann Brown's 1992 classroom experiments and Allan Collins's parallel work, DBR treats the learning environment as both the object of study and the site of theory generation, cycling through design, enactment, analysis, and redesign until both practical improvement and theoretical insight are achieved.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.