Linganisha mbinu

	Nadharia ya Ushahidi ya Dempster-Shafer	Unyambulishaji wa Kesi (CBR)
Nyanja	Ukokotoaji Laini	Ukokotoaji Laini
Familia	Machine learning	Machine learning
Mwaka wa asili	1976	1994
Mwanzilishi	Arthur P. Dempster & Glenn Shafer	Janet Kolodner; Agnar Aamodt & Enric Plaza (R4 cycle)
Aina	Uncertainty calculus for combining evidence	Experience-based (analogical) problem solving
Chanzo asilia	Dempster, A. P. (1967). Upper and lower probabilities induced by a multivalued mapping. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 38(2), 325–339.	Aamodt, A., & Plaza, E. (1994). Case-based reasoning: Foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches. AI Communications, 7(1), 39–59.
Majina mbadala	evidence theory, belief functions, evidential reasoning, Dempster-Shafer kanıt teorisi	CBR, case-based reasoning cycle, analogy-based reasoning, vaka tabanlı akıl yürütme
Zinazohusiana	4	2
Muhtasari	Dempster-Shafer theory is a mathematical framework for reasoning under uncertainty that generalizes Bayesian probability by representing ignorance explicitly. Instead of forcing a single probability on each hypothesis, it assigns belief mass to sets of hypotheses and derives a belief-plausibility interval, and it provides Dempster's rule for fusing evidence from multiple independent sources. Developed from Arthur Dempster's 1967 work and Glenn Shafer's 1976 monograph, it underpins evidential reasoning and sensor/decision fusion.	Case-based reasoning solves a new problem by retrieving similar problems solved in the past and adapting their solutions, rather than reasoning from first principles or a trained statistical model. Formalized as the Retrieve-Reuse-Revise-Retain cycle by Aamodt and Plaza in 1994 and popularized by Janet Kolodner, CBR mirrors how human experts in medicine, law, and engineering reason by analogy from remembered cases, and it learns simply by storing each newly solved case.